Mutation gives rise to new type of cat, scientists say

A group of Finnish researchers have discovered a new variety of cat that has a distinctive characteristic: a black and white tuxedo-style coat that, surprisingly, gradually fades from black to white from the base to the tips of the hairs. This singularity led scientists to call this phenotype “salmiak”, in reference to a type of “salted licorice” very popular in Finland. The research, published in the journal Animal Genetics, suggests that this variant is due to an unprecedented genetic mutation.

The first sighting of these cats was in 2007 in central Finland, where locals began to notice the presence of cats with this unusual coloration. These cats, in addition to their distinctive coat, usually have a white or almost white tail and yellow or green eyes. The effect of the “salmiak” pattern is most visible in cats with black fur, but it has also been observed in cats of other colors.

Thanks to their colorful fur, these cats were quickly adopted and became domestic companions. But what makes their fur unique?

Mutation gives rise to new type of cat salmiak
ANIMAL GENETICS

New variation: “salmiak” cats

Researchers took blood samples from five “salmiak” cats and analyzed the DNA of four of them. Although they initially found no known mutations explaining coat color, full genome sequencing revealed a deletion of the KIT gene, which is essential for coloring in various animals.

To explore their findings further, the researchers analyzed the genetics of 180 Finnish cats, including some with the “salmiak” phenotype. They found that cats with two copies of the mutation had the distinctive pattern, while other cats without the pattern had only one copy or none at all. This not only confirmed that the mutation is likely responsible for the distinctive coat color – the researchers suggest the newly identified variant be designated wsal, referring to “w salmiak” – but that it is also recessive, requiring both parents to to carry at least one copy of the variant for a “salmiak” cat.

This discovery not only sheds light on the genetics of coat color in cats, but also highlights the genetic diversity within domestic cat populations. Although it is not yet certain whether the Salmiak cat will be officially recognized in purebred cat registries, its distinctive coat has already earned a place in the hearts of cat lovers.